The Importance of Scaffolding in Children’s Play - 2069 Words

One of the most successful and influential early childhood educational strategies that have been used to promote children’s social and cognitive development is scaffolding. Scaffolding generally refers to the process through which adults facilitate children’s learning by enabling them achieve a level of ability beyond the child’s capacity at the time (Scarlett, 2005). This essay will discuss how scaffolding facilitates and supports meaning making in children’s play. First, the essay will briefly introduce the concept of scaffolding and its importance in children’s development. The essay will then explore various early childhood educational theories that support or acknowledge the role played by scaffolding, the view of children as learners†¦show more content†¦The zone of proximal development refers to the distance or developmental gap between what the children can accomplish by themselves in learning and the next stage of learning which th ey can achieve aided by competent assistance from an adult caregiver. Bruner drew heavily from the works of Vygotsky, particularly the zone of proximal development, in conceptualizing scaffolding (Berk and Winsler, 2010 Lambert and Clyde, 2003). Vygotsky regards play as the leading source of children’s cognitive development (Vygotsky, 1962 Lambert and Clyde, 2003). For Vygotsky, children begin their development by first thinking with others or at the prompting of others before they are capable to think independently. Therefore, from Vygotsky’s approach, cognitive development essentially occurs through scaffolding where the child first interacts with the teacher (as the competent adult) who helps identify their zone of proximal development and gradually, through guided discovery, withdraws this guidance and support to enable the child think independently. The teacher identifies the zone of proximal development or the area where the childShow MoreRelatedStructured Play in the Classroom627 Words   |  3 Pagesmake-believe play is an important and unique context, providing opportunities to learn not afforded by other classroom activities. It should not be considered something extra that can be cut to accommodate more time for academic skills, nor should it be used as a means of adding â€Å"entertainment value† for inherently boring and decontextualized drills. Instead, play should be preserved and nurtured as one of the â€Å"uniquely preschool† activities that provide the most beneficial context for children’s developmentRead MoreThe Early Childhood Years For Children1283 Words   |  6 Pagesstudies conducted on scaffolding shows that it can support cognitive and social development. Scaffolding is a process when one person supports another in reaching a goal. Typically during the scaffolding process one person is more experienced and the other is inexperienced, such as a tutor and an apprentice. Scaffolding research is al so supported by Lev Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development, which involves skills a child is developing, but may need assistance. Scaffolding can occur through verbalRead MoreChildren s Learning Within Early Childhood Education1559 Words   |  7 PagesPlay in early childhood education is of great importance in the holistic development of children. Play is hard to define, due to its various presenting means. It must be regarded as an indispensable component of an individual’s development (Saracho, Olivia, Spodek Bernard,1998). Through play, the child interacts with their peers as they explore and participate in different activities. The role of the early childhood teachers is crucial in encouraging and stimulating children’s interest in playRead MoreEssay about Assignment One EDE 31032096 Words   |  9 Pagescurriculum. Quality interactions between teacher and child form the foundation for a successful and effective early childhood program. This essay wil l discuss the use of scaffolding as one of the strategies of intentional teaching, and its importance in facilitating children’s play. It will explore various theories relating to scaffolding and show clear links between these theorists and how they view the teacher as an integral part of learning. It will go on to explore the term ‘Intentional Teaching’Read MorePlay Based Learning : A Context For Learning1615 Words   |  7 PagesPlay-based learning has been defined as â€Å"a context for learning through which children organise and make sense of their social world as they engage actively with people, objects and representations† (DEEWR, 2009). Playing is one of the most important parts of a child’s development phase. The characteristics of play include active where children use their bodies and minds in their play, communicative where children will share knowledge of their play with others, enjoyable where they will be able toRead MoreAs Part Of My Pgce Early Education, I Have Been Instructed1030 Words   |  5 Pages As part of my PGCE Early Education, I have been instructed to conduct an assignment based on my own philosophy of teaching in Early Years settings. Farquhar and White (2014: 821) highlight the importance of early education as the ‘theory and practice of educating young children’, which is deeply rooted in the philosophy of the practitioner as they have a repertoire of strategies to teaching and learning. King and Howard (2016) believe that philosophy and pedagogyRead MoreSociocultural Development in Young Children1154 Words   |  5 PagesLev Semyonovich Vygotsky is a well known to be a theorist who focused on the sociocultural development in young children. Lev Vygotsky strongly believed in the importance of the interaction with peers when it comes to the children’s growing process of learning. Through Vygotsky’s research, he came up with the co ncept of the zone of proximal development (ZPD). The zone of proximal development is the range of the child’s development of skills and abilities to which the child is able to completeRead MoreEssay Sociocultural Theory: Lev Vygotsky1112 Words   |  5 Pagesconsists of four basic principles as summarized in the Tools of the Mind (pg. 8), 1. Children construct knowledge. Vygotsky believed that children construct their own knowledge based on their present and past social interactions and emphasizes the importance of understanding what these influences are or were to better understand what the Childs concept is. 2. Development cannot be separated from its social context. Although attitudes and beliefs influence learning the social context influences it moreRead MoreThe Theory Of Language For Children With Language Impairments, And The Zone Of Proximal Development Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pagesprocess. Piaget’s key findings in the sensorimotor stage of a child’s development and the fact that children are active learners are highly applicable in an occupation such as speech language pathology. The same is true about Vygotsky’s ideas of scaffolding, social interaction, and the zone of proximal development. These beliefs of Piaget and Vygotsky are essential to the understanding and application of speech language pathologists in their language evaluations and in developing treatment plans forRead More Piaget and Vygotsky: The Psychology of Cognitive Development1701 Words   |  7 Pagesaround them. Piaget explained children’s maturation process by initiating a four stage developmental process which he considered to be univer sal. They are; sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete and formal (in Passer, M. et al., 2009). The sensorimotor occurs from birth up to two years old. Social interactions and the environment play a prominent role in the

Society s Technology On Technology - 875 Words

Society’s Dependendancy on Technology You can’t turn around and not see a person on a cell phone. Everyone from grandparents to toddlers is using cell phones and tablets to do everything imaginable; so much that everyone thinks that society is becoming too dependent on technology. â€Å"Technological progress is like an axe in the hands of a pathological criminal.† Albert Einstein. Even before today’s advancement in technology Albert Einstein made perfect sense with this statement. Today’s society seems to be unable to live without TV, internet, cell phones, and computers. Our society, being so dependent on technology, without it we will lack information, be delayed or shutdown, and will lose the ability to communicate face to face with each other. With all the advancements in technology everything we need can be found online. Without technology we would be unable to get access to the information we may need, such as, using your GPS. Most people automatically input the address in thei r GPS and be led right to their destination. Paper maps are pretty much obsolete now a days because everyone uses navigation systems and their cell phones. You can now google an address and it pulls it up right on your phone and takes you right to your destination. Why would anyone need to try to figure out where they are on a map anymore? Next it seems everyone uses electronic devices to store phone numbers and itineraries. Gone are the days of paper address books andShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Technology On Society s Society1573 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact Of Technology On Society Technology has always played an important part of our history, whether it impacts the medical field, astrological instruments, microscopic technology, and these innovations have all played an important role in changing the scientific views of society. These inventions were very important in the direction society took as a whole and should be recognized as such. However there were inventions that had more of an impact on the general society as others, and changedRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Society s Society1572 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Technology on Society It goes without saying that Thomas Edison has been among the most impactful human beings to have ever walked the earth. Thomas Edison is responsible for pushing society into a new technological era thanks to his numerous inventions. I will briefly explain the life of Thomas Edison, the use and how he came upon all of his inventions and finally how it lead to the technological advancements that we see to this very day. This will lead to a better understanding of whoRead MoreTechnology s Impact On Society957 Words   |  4 Pages Technology’s Impact on Society in the Banking World Technology s impact on society has changed in many areas of our lives. Technology has changed travel, you can now book your own plane ticket without going to a traveler’s agency, schooling you can take classes online, and have access to doctors and medicine without having to leave your home. I chose to write about the topic of banking. With the help of technology banks are able to reach out to more customers and provide better services toRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Society s Society2131 Words   |  9 Pages The Impact of Technology on Society Close to ninety percent of Americans currently own a computerized gadget such as a computer, cell phone, Mp3 player, tablet computer, game console, e-book reader, etc. (Gahran). These are gadgets that some people use in their everyday lives whether they’re at home lounging around playing on their cell phone, watching television, at school, or at work having to use the computer to get their job done. Technology is everywhere, even when you don’t notice itRead MoreTechnology s Effect On Society971 Words   |  4 PagesAs People Rely More And More On Technology To Solve Problems, The Ability Of Humans To Think For Themselves Will Surely Deteriorate Technology has always changed world’s face and in one view makes the life easier for humans. In these few decades, technology has a lot of progress and now more than before people live in an electronic jungle. The human’s nature is a powerful engine for people to look for more shortcuts in the life. As the society depends on technology more and more to find an answerRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Society s Society Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Technology on Society Large sections of society have the ability to travel whenever and to wherever they please, whether be it for pleasure or work. Communication with friends and family across the globe happens instantaneously with a simple click of a button. The movement of resources and products occurs around the world daily and items that were at one time based in a location across the globe can be delivered and on hand the next day. Global transportation, communication and trade createRead MoreEffects Of Technology On Society s Society1092 Words   |  5 PagesWell, how about a day without bullying, depression, and impolite people? Now that is a day most would probably wish for. Society wants to have causes these wretched events, but doesn’t want to accept that what they want is the main cause of these issues; technology. The lack of interaction that has come along with technology is what is causing severe downfalls in today’s society. This lack of interaction is causing this fall due to its harm of social skills, its harm on people’s enjoyment of lifeRead MoreEffects Of Technology On Society s Society1246 Words   |  5 Pages Effects of Technology on Society Many years ago, historians believe the future would be an amazing technologically advanced place filled with robots and time traveling. But today no one seems to be shocked by all of the advancements (Negative Effects of Technology). The computers are controlling minds, and humans are acting more as robots than citizens. Over the last few decades, there has been a dramatic improvement in the development and use of technology. Workplaces have gone fromRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Society s Society1457 Words   |  6 PagesLynna Hong Donna Middleton English 101 24 April 2017 Look Up Growing up in today’s society is much different than it was twenty years ago, because today our society revolves one thing--technology. Technology is advancing each and everyday that people are becoming so attached to their electronic devices to the point where many feel they cannot live without it. With the advancement of technology, it has led to various problems such as lower communication skills, social isolation, bad habits, andRead MoreTechnology And Society s Impact On Society1568 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology and Society Introduction There are those who would claim that technology has not adversely influenced society in any overt way, and in fact that â€Å"technology has made society more durable,† yet in spite of this claim, it becomes clear that the technology/society divide and its subsequent associations have caused a vast number of problems within society today, not the least of which is the blurring of the line between the use of technology and basic societal interactions, resulting in a

Aging Is Becoming A Most Common And Well Known Form Of...

For numerous people the thought of becoming an elderly, and the time period of which one is entering old-age, can be an incredibly scary feeling to cope with. The human body undergoes countless changes both physically and mentally as it ages. Some of these changes are difficult for people to adapt to and evoke a vast amount of stress in numerous people. One of the most common fears of people within the topic of aging is becoming demented. Dementia is a family of diseases characterized by cognitive and behavioral deficits involving some form of permanent damage to the brain. (CITE!!!bookpg288) When discussing dementia many people think of Alzheimer’s disease, as it is the most common and well-known form of dementia. People with Alzheimer’s†¦show more content†¦Brain health is included and it is not uncommon for people to overlook the importance of feeding and exercising the brain properly, just as every other part of the body. There has been a sufficient amount of data to support techniques that will help in reducing the risk of dementia, Alzheimer’s in particular. Among these are increasing physical activity, receiving treatment for depression, quit smoking, control type two diabetes, have a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, fostering social engagement, control blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and participate in intellectually stimulating activities. The research currently documented does not necessarily state that these measures prevent Alzheimer’s directly, but rather enhance the overall health of people, which in return aids in preserving brain health as well. Research is continuously being conducted on Alzheimer’s and other related disorders of dementia, but for now the most widely accepted methods of prevention are becoming and staying healthy. Proper nutrition begins at an early age. It is easy for people to disregard the importance of their health when they are young since their choices are not typicall y directly affecting them. This is what needs to change. People need to be properly educated on the effects that their current life choices have on them in the future. The foods people eat, drugs people take, and overall lifestyle that people live will affect their overall

Managerial Accounting Plum Electronics

Questions: 1. What type of organization is Plum Electronics? Manufacturing, merchandising or service?2.What are their products?3. What type of costing system is they currently using, what are the current cost allocation bases used for indirect costs and what are the consequences for the Maximum and Mammoth costs?4.What is the costing issue currently facing the company?5. What is the alternate costing system that is being proposed? Demonstrate the effect of the alternate costing system on the unit costs of the Maximum and the Mammoth using the example of calculations for allocating purchase order costs.6. What are the advantages of the alternate costing system?7. What is the potential ethical dilemma facing the management accountant in this scenario? Answers: 1. The organizations that develop physical products and maintain inventory, have production labors and specific manufacturing site come under the categorization of manufacturing organizations(Linton 2014)[1]. Plum electronics is a manufacturing organization as it develops tangible products that are Mammoth and Maximum Tele Vision sets. 2. The main products of organization are two models of large screen TV sets Mammoth Maximum 3. At present the company is employing traditional methods to allocate costs. These methods employ in-direct methods to allocate costs. Such as, drivers of costs are used in order to allocate costs to the products including labor hours and machine hours. A fixed rate is calculated and applied to all products. In case of Plum electronics, they are using labor hour rate (13.20 Dollars) as well as the rate of machine hours (19.80 Dollars) to allocate the direct cost. The allocation base for manufacturing overhead is (27.50 Dollars) in case of indirect allocation. Cost driver includes anything that causes the cost to incur or that are related to occurring of cost in any way. In this case cost for Mammoth and Maximum are being calculated on same machine hours and labor hours. In this manner, more overhead cost is allocated to the item those employees more machine hours. More indirect cost will be allocated to mammoth as it needs more machine hours (8*27.50=220 Dollars) while half will be allocated to Maximum (4*27.50=110 Dollars). Despite more direct cost is allocated to Maximum, the allocation of indirect cost is more for Mammoth based on same rates of allocation of indirect cost under simple system of cost allocation. 4. At present the company is using simple system of costing on traditional basis according to which the Mammoth line is not profitable given its overall costs. While the Maximum line that is newly introduced is shown to be having profitable as the cost is lower. The organization deduced that it will focus on Maximum while phasing out Mammoth, as the former is generating more profits. The controller advised that the company should consider using Activity based costing method in which the allocation of costs is done on the basis of the activities that are undertaken in the process of developing TV sets. But under this system of cost allocation the Maximum line was shown to be un profitable. As per the manager of division these estimates were misleading and if they are presented to senior management, it will result in plashing out the Maximum line. In addition to this, he stated that Jacob has not added all activities that are undertaken in the process of developing TV sets. Even after using more accurate activities, the profits were similar. This shows that activity based costing was showing more precise estimates. The bonus of Clark is based on the division revenues and the company cannot phase out any of these produces. Thus, the issue is what is that the traditional costing system is not representing the actual estimates of profits and it might result into wrong cost allocations and making of decisions related to products. 5. ABC costing is used as alternative costing to process the amount as whole. Activity based costing assumes to be the step by step process that must provide manufacturing productions to determine the overhead costs and incurred planning. Each overhead costing method is available for variable and fixed assigned costing practices. The allocation that is done on the basis of resources incurred in developing a product offers better estimates of the resulting cost. It gives additional information regarding the procedures that are performing well and those that are not. It helps the management in identifying which of the steps add value and which steps dont add value. It indicates that where the waste is occurring and which steps are causing the overhead cost to enhance. Activity Based Costing (ABC) system is proposed as an alternate system to allocate costs. In this type of system costs are allocated on the basis of the activities performed to make the products and the resources that are used by them (Horngren, Datar and Rajan 2011)[2]. It is different from the conventional method to allocate costs in in-direct manner. This gives more accurate and precise allocation of costs and results in more accurate amounts that offer better decision making basis. It gives a more realistic picture of production costs and allows the management to make better decisions to cut unnecessary costs and improve the revenues. It offers better organization of costs and can be used in all process of organization These cost categories are activity cost pools. Cost drivers are actually based on casual for total costing system in order to increase the values. The number of times material ordered, the production line in factory, number of supplies, number of shipments, and other costs that incurred. Activity based costing method is a pool of activities that are divided by total number of units and activities to determine cost per unit. Formula of cost per unit is: ABC activity cost per unit = total activity cost/ total number of units for activity Purchase order costs Activity cost per unit for Maximum = $ 1,045,440/ 109,980 = 9.5 $ Activity cost per unit for Mammoth = $1045,440 / 80,100 = 13.5 $ After calculating the cost, it is evaluated that ABC costing method is important alternative that allocate the cost of system that based on various activities and perform to make the resources. Mammoth has higher cost of purchasing than the Maximum, so Maximum will get productive cost and improve the productivity. 6. Activity Based Costing (ABC) system is proposed as an alternate system to allocate costs. In this type of system costs are allocated on the basis of the activities performed to make the products and the resources that are used by them(Horngren, Datar and Rajan 2011). It is different from the conventional method to allocate costs in in-direct manner. This gives more accurate and precise allocation of costs and results in more accurate amounts that offer better decision making basis. The allocation that is done on the basis of resources incurred in developing a product offers better estimates of the resulting cost. It gives additional information regarding the procedures that are performing well and those that are not. It helps the management in identifying which of the steps add value and which steps dont add value. It indicates that where the waste is occurring and which steps are causing the overhead cost to enhance. As a result it gives a more realistic picture of production cos ts and allows the management to make better decisions to cut unnecessary costs and improve the revenues. It offers better organization of costs and can be used in all process of organization (Tunce, et al. 2005)[3]. 7. The process of management account must keep in view the values and ethics. The manager must be honest and ethical in allocation of costs to products in a manner that maximize the organizational profits rather than the managers own interests (Vitez 2015)[4]. In this case the potential dilemma is the choice of using cost allocation methods. The bonus of manager depends on the amount of profit that organization earns. The manager can use traditional method of allocating costs in a way that hides the actual financial position by misallocation of costs. In this way he will be able to enhance his bonus rather than using the cost allocation method that results in better organizational profits by correct allocation of costs. Bibliography Horngren, Charles, Srikant,Datar, and Madhav,Rajan. Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis. Printece Hall, 2011. Linton, Lan. 2014. "Five Differnces between service and manufacturing Organzitaions", smallbusiness.com.https://smallbusiness.chron.com/five-differences-between-service-manufacturing-organizations-19073.html (accessed September 19, 2016). Tunce, Gonca, Derya Eren Akyol, Gunhan Mirac Bayhan, and Utku Koker. "Application of Activity-Based Costing in a Manufacturing Company: A Comparison with Traditional Costing." Computational Science ICCS 2005, 2005: 562-569. Vitez, Osmond. 2015. "Ethics in Managerial Accounting", Smallbusiness.com. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/ethics-managerial-accounting-3737.html (accessed September 19, 2016).